What Was a Long-Term Consequence of Frederick's Failed Attempt to Consolidate

Multiple Choice

What was a long-term consequence of Frederick's failed attempt to consolidate his empire?

A) Italian cities suffered under German rule for decades.
B) The papacy was praised for its role in combating Frederick's expansionary quest.
C) Germany would not be united until the nineteenth century.
D) The Spanish were able to claim thrones in Germany.