Why Do We Not Have to Worry About the Causal

Multiple Choice

Why do we not have to worry about the causal direction of findings in an experiment?

A) Because the experimental manipulation comes after the dependent variable
B) Because the outcome comes after the experimental manipulation
C) Because the dependent variable comes after the independent variable
D) Both because the outcome comes after the experimental manipulation and because the dependent variable comes after the independent variable
E) Both because the experimental manipulation comes after the dependent variable and because the dependent variable comes after the independent variable
F) None of these