Contrary to Previous Assumptions, the Early Fear-Of-Crime Researchers Learned That

Multiple Choice

Contrary to previous assumptions, the early fear-of-crime researchers learned that fear of criminal victimization is not solely a reaction to ____________.

A) Perceived risk of victimization.
B) Motivated offenders.
C) Having been victimized.
D) Actual risk of victimization.
E) None of the above.