Papachristos and Kirk (2006)'s Finding of a Mediating Relationship Among

Multiple Choice

Papachristos and Kirk (2006) 's finding of a mediating relationship among collective efficacy, concentrated disadvantage, and violent behavior indicated which of the following?

A) Neither collective efficacy nor concentrated disadvantage impacted violent gang behavior.
B) Collective efficacy impacts violent gang behavior through levels of concentrated disadvantage.
C) The magnitude of the impact of collective efficacy and concentrated disadvantage could not be determined.
D) Concentrated disadvantage impacts violent gang behavior, regardless of collective efficacy.