Question 1

The precautionary principal assumes that if a product or process will expose certain members of a group to a higher level of risk - the product or process should not go forward.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

There is a metaphor of a pasture held "in common". All farmers act on their own self-interest and add additional cows to the field to optimize their own welfare / self-interest. This leads to over-grazing and loss of a farmer's own herd and their own self-interest/ welfare is compromised. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Pasture economy
B)   Tragedy of the Commons
C)   Efficiency borrowing
D)   All of the above B

Question 3

Which is a term coined by environmental sociologists Freudenburg and Gramling to refer to a situation when attention is diverted away from real problems by trying to reframe the debate as being about something else?

Accepted Answer

A)   Distractive diversions.
B)   Diversionary reframing.
C)   Efficiency shifting.
D)   Diversionary branding. B

Question 4

Which is a collaborative international initiative within the United Nations climate talks and other international forums which will help to compensate governments, communities, companies, and/or individuals in low-income countries for actions that protect forests?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (RED
D)  .
B)   Impact Population And Forest Regulations (IPAFR) .
C)   Deforestation and Depletion (DA
D)  .
D)   Monetary Redirection of Emissions and Deforestation (MRE
D)  .

Question 5

As an economic technique, discounting:

Accepted Answer

A)   Is a non-problematic technique for valuing the well-being of future generations.
B)   Typically values future generation more than those presently living.
C)   Often leads to calculations that undervalue future generations.
D)   All of the above

Question 6

Define The tragedy of the commons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define The tragedy of the commons....

Question 7

Which of the following captures the spirit of the tragedy of the commons thesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Everyone acting in their own self-interests, when resources are shared and limited, will have catastrophic ends.
B)   There is NO need for private property because everyone acting selfishly will lead to sustainable ends.
C)   Collaboration will solve all world's problems.
D)   All of the above.

Question 8

Define Resource privatization

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define Resource privatization...

Question 9

Which of the following is an assumption of The Self-Interested Straw Person?

Accepted Answer

A)   Another theoretical assumption of welfare economics.
B)   That the individual (firm / corporation)  is selfish and self-interested.
C)   Applies to nations or other entities as well.
D)   All of the above.

Question 10

How can group communication and "social capital" lead to behaviors less motivated by self-interest and more focused on the common good? Reference the chapter in developing your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can group communication and "social capital"...

Question 11

According to Carolan, with globalization the barriers to sustainability "increase exponentially." What does he mean by that?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Carolan, with globalization the barriers...

Question 12

According to Chapter 11 (citing environmental sociologist William Freudenburg in particular) is pollution a "necessary evil" for economic growth and prosperity? Make reference to Chapter 11 (the Freudenburg argument) in your explanation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Chapter 11 (citing environmental sociologist...

Question 13

Define Common property regimes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define Common property regimes....

Question 14

Define Absolute sustainability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define Absolute sustainability....

Question 15

Describe the "Pareto optimality curve." According to Chapter 11, why is this purportedly value-neutral approach to economic development and environmental protection unethical? Reference the chapter in your explanation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the "Pareto optimality curve." According to...

Question 16

The problem of not being able to settle on a policy option that will protect future generations is that it translates into lowering the current well-being of persons (corporations as persons) today. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   The self-interested straw person
B)   The big metabolic rift
C)   Tyranny of the present
D)   All of the above

Question 17

Common Property Regimes are a legal entity that has the right to limit access and exclude "nonmembers" from using a particular resource.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Define Global governance

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define Global governance...

Question 19

REDD, (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation)is an international agreement to address climate change through carbon capture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

With open access regimes there are no limits on who has access to a certain resource.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: Governance: Biases and Blind Spots

The precautionary principal assumes that if a product or process will expose certain members of a group to a higher level of risk - the product or process should not go forward.

Which is a term coined by environmental sociologists Freudenburg and Gramling to refer to a situation when attention is diverted away from real problems by trying to reframe the debate as being about something else?

Which is a collaborative international initiative within the United Nations climate talks and other international forums which will help to compensate governments, communities, companies, and/or individuals in low-income countries for actions that protect forests?

As an economic technique, discounting:

Define The tragedy of the commons.

Which of the following captures the spirit of the tragedy of the commons thesis?

Define Resource privatization

Which of the following is an assumption of The Self-Interested Straw Person?

How can group communication and "social capital" lead to behaviors less motivated by self-interest and more focused on the common good? Reference the chapter in developing your answer.

According to Carolan, with globalization the barriers to sustainability "increase exponentially." What does he mean by that?

According to Chapter 11 (citing environmental sociologist William Freudenburg in particular) is pollution a "necessary evil" for economic growth and prosperity? Make reference to Chapter 11 (the Freudenburg argument) in your explanation.

Define Common property regimes.

Define Absolute sustainability.

Describe the "Pareto optimality curve." According to Chapter 11, why is this purportedly value-neutral approach to economic development and environmental protection unethical? Reference the chapter in your explanation.

The problem of not being able to settle on a policy option that will protect future generations is that it translates into lowering the current well-being of persons (corporations as persons) today. This is known as:

Common Property Regimes are a legal entity that has the right to limit access and exclude "nonmembers" from using a particular resource.

Define Global governance

REDD, (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation)is an international agreement to address climate change through carbon capture.

With open access regimes there are no limits on who has access to a certain resource.