The Modality Effect Is ________

Multiple Choice

The modality effect is ________.

A) the improved recall of the final items of a list when that list is presented verbally in comparison with a visual presentation
B) when recall is better if to-be-remembered items are followed by a suffix that is a non-speech sound than when followed by a suffix that is a speech-like sound
C) when the act of retrieval itself interferes with retrieval
D) when a stimulus has not been processed to the point of having meaning