Describe the Transmission of Information in the Retina from Photoreceptors

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The Answer is Once light strikes the outer segment of photoreceptors in the retina, a chromophore captures the light molecule which begins the process of photoactivation, causing the photoreceptor to become hyperpolarized. The graded potentials of the photoreceptor that result from photoactivation are sent on to the bipolar cells, which may be either diffuse bipolar cells or midget bipolar cells. Diffuse bipolar cells connect to multiple cones while midget bipolar cells connect to only a single cone. Horizontal cells connect to the synapse of photoreceptors and bipolar cells and help to create the center-surround receptive field organization through lateral inhibition. ON bipolar cells respond to increases in light and OFF bipolar cells respond to decreases in light. Bipolar cells connect to P and M ganglion cells as well as amacrine cells. Amacrine cells modulate the signals coming from bipolar cells to emphasize contrast and improve temporal processing. P ganglion cells receive excitatory input from midget bipolar cells and feed the parvocellular layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). M ganglion cells receive excitatory input from diffuse bipolar cells and feed the magnocellular layer of the LGN Ganglion cells converge at the optic disk where they leave the eye and form the optic nerve. The optic nerve transmits signals from the retina to the LGN.

Describe the Transmission of Information in the Retina from Photoreceptors

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Describe the Transmission of Information in the Retina from Photoreceptors

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Correct Answer:
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