Question 1

Which of the following is not an example of an extratherapeutic factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  the client's superego strength 
B)  the quality of the client's social support 
C)  the client's motivation to change 
D)  the severity of the client's problem 
E)  the client's ability to identify a focal problem A

Question 2

The authors of the text use two analogies to explain why there are so many

Accepted Answer

A)  the story of the blind men and the elephant 
B)  a hologram 
C)  the story of the eagle and the mouse 
D)  A and B only 
E)  A and C only D

Question 3

Technical eclecticism was a term first coined by

Accepted Answer

A)  Aaron Beck. 
B)  Arnold Lazarus 
C)  Alfred Adler 
D)  Eric Schmidt 
E)  Phil McGraw B

Question 4

The text authors cite research that shows psychoactive medication to be

Accepted Answer

A)  as effective as psychotherapy. 
B)  more effective than psychotherapy. 
C)  less effective than psychotherapy. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and B only

Question 5

Counseling theories are similar in that they share some basic beliefs, including that

Accepted Answer

A)  people are born with innate tendencies and psychological functions. 
B)  people develop as a result of innate tendencies, environment and others factors 
C)  people stop developing once they reach a certain age. 
D)  A and C only 
E)  A and B only

Question 6

Counseling theorists differ in their

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B only 
B)  beliefs about how people are innately endowed. 
C)  views on how people develop. 
D)  beliefs concerning what constitutes healthy functioning. 
E)  all of the above

Question 7

Technical eclecticism includes the element(s) of

Accepted Answer

A)  flexibility. 
B)  self-awareness. 
C)  internal consistency. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

According to the text, counseling theory is to a counselor as a

Accepted Answer

A)  map is to a tourist. 
B)  syllabus is to a student. 
C)  guidebook is to a tour guide. 
D)  sign is to a traveler. 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Most of the positive outcome in psychotherapy can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  extratherapeutic factors. 
B)  client expectations for improvement. 
C)  the therapeutic relationship. 
D)  therapist techniques. 
E)  the counseling theory used.

Question 10

Most people prefer a counselor using

Accepted Answer

A)  a spontaneous approach to counseling. 
B)  a current approach to counseling. 
C)  a complex approach to counseling. 
D)  a general approach to counseling. 
E)  all of the above

Question 11

Which do the text authors not mention as a potential disadvantage of using a theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  missing important information 
B)  dismissing important information 
C)  misinterpreting important information 
D)  denying important information 
E)  inventing important information

Question 12

With each communication a client shares in the counseling session, your response as a counselor

Accepted Answer

A)  will influence the direction of the session. 
B)  will influence the client's experience in the session. 
C)  will depend on your guiding theory. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and B only

Question 13

The authors cite the following counselor characteristic(s) as contributing to one's counseling theory:

Accepted Answer

A)  one's belief about what causes people to be as they are. 
B)  one's ability to conceptualize people. 
C)  one's view of what people need in order to continue developing. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and C only

Question 14

Research over the past two decades reveals that most mental health practitioners identify their guiding theories as

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive-behavioral, existential, and psychodynamic. 
B)  Adlerian, psychoanalytic, and behavioral. 
C)  psychodynamic, person-centered, and systems 
D)  about evenly divided among all the theories. 
E)  none of the above

Question 15

A theory provides what to a client's story?

Accepted Answer

A)  creativity and substance 
B)  order and meaning 
C)  sensitivity and understanding 
D)  depth and knowledge 
E)  none of the above

Question 16

According to the authors, the best guide for identifying one's "personal" counseling theory includes

Accepted Answer

A)  reviewing the research literature. 
B)  subscribing to the most popular theoretical approach. 
C)  investigating one's beliefs. 
D)  evaluating theories for variety and complexity of techniques. 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

The order of Watts's four stage model for describing the process of personal theory development is

Accepted Answer

A)  exploration, examination, integration, and personalization. 
B)  exploration, examination, introspection, and personalization. 
C)  examination, exploration, integration, and personalization. 
D)  examination, exploration, personalization, and integration. 
E)  exploration, examination, personalization, and integration.

Question 18

The purpose of this book is to assist the reader in what stage of Watts's model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Integration 
B)  Examination 
C)  Interpretation 
D)  Catalyst 
E)  Exploration

Question 19

Of the following descriptions, what does a counseling theory not do for a counselor?

Accepted Answer

A)  It helps a counselor organize and understand client data. 
B)  It provides a counselor with a rationale for action. 
C)  It explains how a client developed. 
D)  It provides a counselor with a story of each human being's life. 
E)  It answers any questions a counselor might have about a client.

Question 20

Counseling theories address which of the following aspects of people and counseling?

Accepted Answer

A)  human nature, personality development, personality change 
B)  innate structure and function of psyche, model of functionality 
C)  role of counselor, role of client, physical development 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and B only

Exam 1: Introduction