When Matsumoto and Willingham Looked at the Facial Expressions of Winning

Multiple Choice

When Matsumoto and Willingham looked at the facial expressions of winning and losing Olympic and Paralympic athletes, comparing first across cultures and then across sighted and blind athletes, what did they find?

A) Athletes from more individualistic cultures and sighted athletes produced Duchenne smiles if they won, while individuals from collectivistic cultures and blind athletes produced non-Duchenne smiles
B) Regardless of what culture the athletes were from or whether they were sighted or blind, winners typically produced Duchenne smiles and losers tended to express sadness and contempt
C) While they found marked similarity in the expressions of winners and losers across cultures, the blind and sighted athletes differed greatly in their expressions, suggesting a large learning component in facial expression
D) They found that within a culture, both blind and sighted athletes had very similar winning and losing expressions; however, these varied greatly across cultures, suggesting blind individuals acquire expressive dialects in some other way