Question 1

Which of the following is the proposed physiological effect of HBOT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased release of nitrous oxide from red blood cells 
B)  Release of histamine and bradykinins into the circulatory system 
C)  Softening of tropocollagen bonds in connective tissues 
D)  Increased amount of physically dissolved oxygen in plasma D

Question 2

Which of the following conditions has some support in research literature for possible beneficial effects from treatment with MIRE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction 
B)  Osteoarthritis of the knees 
C)  Low back pain 
D)  Peripheral neuropathy D

Question 3

Which of the following will create a magnetic field?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metals of different atomic number combined in an alloy 
B)  Resistance to movement of ionic charges in a conductor 
C)  Forces opposed to normal variation of polar conductance 
D)  Movement of charges in an electric current D

Question 4

Which of the following patients should not receive MIRE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 64-year-old female with ulcers associated with scleroderma 
B)  A 55-year-old male with diabetic peripheral neuropathy of the right leg 
C)  A 38-old female with a lower leg wound following excision of melanoma 
D)  An 89-year-old male with decreased plantar sensation and decreased balance

Question 5

In the United States, HBOT is approved by Medicare for treatment of which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plantar fasciitis 
B)  COPD 
C)  Diabetic foot ulcers 
D)  Acute sprains and strains

Question 6

Which of the following is a likely explanation of the physiological effects of pulsed magnetic fields?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibition of interstitial edema and facilitation of ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  formation 
B)  Movement of ions across cell membranes and stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)  transcription 
C)  Increased release of inflammatory hormones and facilitation of fibrinogenesis 
D)  Facilitation of nerve conduction velocity and release of endogenous substrates

Question 7

Which of the following is a contraindication for ESWT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peripheral neuropathy 
B)  Use of blood thinner medications 
C)  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COP
D)  
D)  Osteoarthritis

Question 8

Is it safe for a person with cancer to use therapeutic magnets for pain control?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, there is no evidence that magnets will enhance the growth of cancerous cells. 
B)  No, magnets create electrical fields that can limit blood flow to cancerous cells. 
C)  Yes, static magnets can decrease pain and limit cancer cell growth. 
D)  No, magnetic fields may facilitate the growth and spread of cancerous cells.

Question 9

What is the strength of the magnetic field for most therapeutic magnets?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 to 30 G 
B)  500 to 1,000 G 
C)  10,000 to 12,000 G 
D)  15,000 to 23,000 G

Question 10

Which of the following are typical parameters used during hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 to 3 atmospheres absolute (AT
A)  for a duration of 30 to 120 minutes 
B)  5 to 10 ATA for a duration of 2 to 4 hours 
C)  50 to 100 ATA for a duration of 4 to 6 hours 
D)  500 to 1,000 ATA for a duration of 6 to 8 hours

Question 11

Which of the following describes the type of electromagnetic waves produced by monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) devices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Invisible short radio waves at 690 nm 
B)  Visible long-infrared waves at 6,823 nm 
C)  Invisible microwaves below 1,000 nm 
D)  Visible near-infrared waves at 890 nm

Question 12

Treatment using ESWT is best supported by the current literature for which of the following pathologies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcific tendonitis 
B)  Acute bursitis 
C)  Myositis ossificans 
D)  Peripheral neuropathy

Question 13

Which of the following patients should not have hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 23-year-old male with migraine headaches 
B)  A 36-year-old female with untreated pneumothorax 
C)  A 66-year-old male with complex regional pain syndrome 
D)  An 82-year-old female with refractory osteomyelitis

Question 14

Which of the following is a proposed physiological effect of ESWT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Release of myofascial adhesions 
B)  Cellular electrolyte formation 
C)  Hyperstimulation analgesia 
D)  Remodeling of scar tissue

Question 15

Which statement regarding magnet therapy is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most magnets used for therapeutic effects produce a pulsed magnetic field. 
B)  Magnet therapy originated about 50 years ago with the development of the unipolar magnet. 
C)  Results of research have yet to show any effect of magnetic fields on cell function in vitro. 
D)  Bipolar magnets are arranged so that both poles are facing or in contact with the skin.

Question 16

Clinical application of MIRE requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Placement of several layers of towels between the diode pad and the skin 
B)  Monitoring of the temperature of the diodes to prevent burning of the skin 
C)  Patient and therapist both wearing goggles during the entire treatment session 
D)  Placement of a transparent dressing over wounds and diode pad placed on the dressing

Question 17

Which of the following is considered a contraindication for use of therapeutic magnets?

Accepted Answer

A)  Placement near internally implanted electronic devices 
B)  Implanted metal plates and screws for fracture fixation 
C)  Decreased sensation of the skin caused by peripheral neuropathy 
D)  Patients with a history of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease

Question 18

There is some evidence that therapeutic magnets may be effective for treatment of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diabetic peripheral neuropathy 
B)  Urinary incontinence 
C)  Chronic low back pain 
D)  Osteoarthritis of the knees

Question 19

Which physiological effects are attributed to the increased plasma nitric oxide associated with MIRE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased metabolism and circulation and increased ion fluctuations 
B)  Vasoconstriction, decreased interstitial fluid formation and capillary pressure 
C)  Vasodilation, increased circulation, increased tissue oxygenation 
D)  Decreased inflammation and edema and increased histamine release

Question 20

Which of the following best describes extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single-impulse, focused acoustical sound wave that generates a rapid rise in pressure 
B)  Pressure force originating outside the body that generates electrical shocks 
C)  Magnetic pulse that drives waves of energy through the corporeal tissues 
D)  Multiple array of diodes that focuses sound waves into a slowly rising pressure

Exam 16: Alternative Modalities for Pain and Tissue Healing