Which of the Following Is NOT One of the Theories

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT one of the theories that has been put forth to explain the decline in violent crime rates for juveniles?

A) the decline of the prevalence of crack cocaine
B) the increase in police action against "quality-of- life" crimes such as loitering
C) the decrease in school shootings in the U.S.
D) schools adoption of more zero-tolerance policies that punish students harshly for bringing weapons or drugs onto school grounds