What Concept Discussed in Chapter 8 Represents Under-Functioning at the Individual

Multiple Choice

What concept discussed in chapter 8 represents under-functioning at the individual employee level, is manifested by self-doubt at the emotional and lowered levels of self-efficacy at the cognitive level, and can impede one's ability to meet their intended aspirations?

A) learned helplessness
B) learned industriousness
C) procrastination
D) social loafing