Question 1

The term used for the manufacture of chipped stone tools, such as most of the Mode 1 Oldowan tools, is

Accepted Answer

A)   coring.
B)   flaking.
C)   knapping.
D)   cracking. C

Question 2

Scientists have established that Oldowan flakes were

Accepted Answer

A)   useful for a wide range of functions, including butchering animals.
B)   primarily a waste product of making Oldowan tools.
C)   primarily used for hunting large game like elephants.
D)   accidental byproducts of using round cobbles for various purposes. A

Question 3

Which the following statements is NOT true concerning human foraging groups?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children are able to obtain enough food to feed themselves by the age of 10 years.
B)   Women do not forage enough food to feed themselves until they are in their late 40s.
C)   Men provide the majority of calories over time in all foraging groups.
D)   Men frequently share the food they obtain with other group members. A

Question 4

Why is it difficult to determine which early hominin species may have invented the use of chipped stone tools?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it difficult to determine which...

Question 5

Many food sources used by contemporary foragers are hard to acquire and therefore require

Accepted Answer

A)   learned skills.
B)   hammers and anvils.
C)   cooking.
D)   weapons.

Question 6

At Olduvai sites,

Accepted Answer

A)   both hominin and nonhominin carnivores were active, and nonhominin carnivores may have sometimes eaten hominins.
B)   nonhominin carnivores were the main prey of hominins.
C)   nonhominin carnivores were not active.
D)   virtually all hominin activity involved scavenging; there was virtually no actual hunting.

Question 7

With food sharing comes increased paternal care. Therefore, what other characteristic do we expect to evolve with this pair of traits?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased sexual dimorphism.
B)   Decreased sexual dimorphism.
C)   Increased male-male competition.
D)   Smaller brains.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about early use of tools by hominins is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Early hominin toolmakers were most likely right-handed.
B)   Experimental analysis of fossil bone tools from australopithecine sites in South Africa suggests that they were used as digging sticks.
C)   It is clear that the australopithecines were not capable of making stone tools.
D)   Mode 1 refers to the method used to make Oldowan stone tools.

Question 9

The dense accumulations of stone tools and bones are thought to be

Accepted Answer

A)   home bases of early hominins.
B)   temporary camps of early hominins.
C)   random natural accumulations.
D)   processing sites where stone tools were cached.

Question 10

The close association of hominin chipped stone tools and animal bones may not be because hominins used tools on these animals, but could be a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   volcanic eruptions.
B)   carnivore activity.
C)   moving water.
D)   sedimentation.

Question 11

The association of hominin tools and animal bones is more likely to mean that early hominins were responsible for these bone accumulations if

Accepted Answer

A)   the bones and stone tools are found at the same archaeological site.
B)   the bones have carnivore gnaw marks on them.
C)   the bones have possible stone-tool cut marks on them.
D)   the bones show evidence of having been moved by water.

Question 12

How were the Oldowan tools manufactured? Why are they referred to as "Mode 1" tools? What does the manufacturing process tell us about the hominins who made them?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How were the Oldowan tools manufactured? Why...

Question 13

Spheroids were most likely

Accepted Answer

A)   used to process plant foods.
B)   hammer stones that were worn from making tools.
C)   hunting tools thrown at animals.
D)   made most often by right-handed toolmakers.

Question 14

Compare the sexual division of labor in hunting in contemporary foragers. What are the reasons for such a division of labor?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the sexual division of labor in...

Question 15

Among contemporary foragers,

Accepted Answer

A)   food sharing and hunting are closely linked.
B)   only vegetable matter is shared.
C)   all types of food are shared.
D)   almost no food is shared.

Question 16

Since hunting takes a long time to learn and can be unreliable, it favored the evolution of

Accepted Answer

A)   sexual division of labor.
B)   juvenile development.
C)   food sharing.
D)   a stronger built-in hunting instinct.

Question 17

Imagine you are a female chimpanzee that likes to eat termites. This kind of food has to be

Accepted Answer

A)   gathered.
B)   collected.
C)   hunted.
D)   extracted.

Question 18

Which of the following is the most likely description of the "first engineer" of stone tools, based on available data?

Accepted Answer

A)   A member of the genus Homo
B)   A member of the genus Australopithecus or an early member of the genus Homo
C)   Australopithecus africanus
D)   The earliest Homo sapiens

Question 19

Chimpanzees primarily include ________ foods in their diet.

Accepted Answer

A)   extracted
B)   hunted
C)   collected
D)   provisioned

Question 20

If marks found on fossil animal bones from Dikika were determined conclusively to have been made by stone tools,

Accepted Answer

A)   we would conclude that P. boisei was the first toolmaker.
B)   chipped stone tools were made and used much earlier than previously thought, possibly by A. afarensis.
C)   A. garhi was hunting animals a million years earlier than previously thought.
D)   H. habilis was the first toolmaker.

Exam 11: Oldowan Toolmakers and the Origin of Human Life History