In Some Middle Eastern and African Cultures, Female Genital Mutilation

Multiple Choice

In some Middle Eastern and African cultures, female genital mutilation is a prerequisite for marriage. Women who now live in North America need care from nurses who are knowledgeable about the procedure and comfortable with the abnormal appearance of their genitalia. When caring for this client, the nurse can formulate a diagnosis with the understanding that the client may be at risk for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Infection
B) Laceration
C) Hemorrhage
D) Obstructed labor
E) Increased signs of pain response