Contingency Factors That Can Influence the Success of a TQM

Multiple Choice

Contingency factors that can influence the success of a TQM program in a negative way include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) tasks make high skill demands on employees.
B) management expectations are unrealistically high.
C) middle managers are dissatisfied about loss of authority.
D) workers are dissatisfied with other aspects of organizational life.
E) managers wait for big, dramatic innovations.