In Studies on the Link Between Personality Traits and Deviant

Multiple Choice

In studies on the link between personality traits and deviant behavior, researchers frequently neglect the problem of "cause and effect." That is, they do not discover:

A) whether a trait is conscious or unconscious
B) whether the deviance is seen as deviant by the offender
C) whether one form of deviance causes another form of deviance
D) whether the traits preceded the deviance or vice versa
E) all of the above