Many Junior High School Students Drink Colas on a Daily

Multiple Choice

Many junior high school students drink colas on a daily basis. A researcher is interested in testing the effects of cola ingestion on academic performance (AP) for girls in the ninth grade. One thousand ninth-grade girls are the subjects. They are grouped according to the number of colas they drink each day (low, medium, and high) . The researcher concluded that cola ingestion had an effect on academic performance. What are the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV) in this study?

A) (IV) ninth grade (DV) AP
B) (IV) AP (DV) cola
C) (IV) cola (DV) gender
D) (IV) cola (DV) AP
E) (IV) gender (DV) cola