Researchers Examined the Effect of Phosphate Supplementation on Bone Formation

Multiple Choice

Researchers examined the effect of phosphate supplementation on bone formation in six healthy adult dogs. For each dog, bone formation was measured twice: once after 12 weeks of phosphate supplementation and once after a 12-week control period. The results in percent bone growth per year are shown below. Do the data provide evidence that phosphate supplementation significantly stimulates bone formation? $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Dog ID } & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\\hline \text { Control } & 1.73 & 3.37 & 3.59 & 2.05 & 1.86 & 3.60 \\\hline \text { Phosphate } & 8.16 & 4.58 & 3.98 & 5.24 & 3.04 & 7.03 \\\hline\end{array}$$
The researchers are interested in testing the following one-sided test:
H₀: Bone formation with and without phosphate supplementation have the same distribution.
H_a: Bone formation is systematically higher with phosphate supplementation.
Using the Normal approximation, what is the P-value for the Wilcoxon signed rank test W⁺?

A) Less than 0.01
B) Between 0.01 and 0.05
C) Between 0.05 and 0.10
D) Greater than 0.10