A Research Team Investigated the Protective Effect of Two Variants

Multiple Choice

A research team investigated the protective effect of two variants of a vaccine against the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus monkeys. They measured the viral load (in log scale) of monkeys randomly assigned to either a vaccine variant or a sham (fake) vaccine. Here is a partial software output for a Kruskal-Wallis test on the data:
​
$\begin{array}{l}\text { Kruskal-Wallis Test on viral load }\\\begin{array}{lrrrr}\text { vaccine } & \mathrm{N} & \text { Median } & \text { Ave Rank } & \mathrm{Z} \\1 & 16 & 5.530 & 18.6 & -0.18 \\2 & 13 & 5.030 & 11.2 & -3.25 \\\text { sham } & 8 & 6.860 & 32.5 & 3.98 \\\text { Overall } & 37 & & 19.0 &\end{array}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{llll}\mathrm{H}=19.29 & \mathrm{DF}= & \mathrm{P}= & \\\mathrm{H}=19.30 & \mathrm{DF}= & \mathrm{P}= & \text { (adjusted for ties) }\end{array}$ What is the P-value of the Kruskal-Wallis test for these data?

A) Less than 0.01
B) Between 0.01 and 0.05
C) Between 0.05 and 0.10
D) Greater than 0.10