Major Health Studies Try Very Hard to Select a Sample

Multiple Choice

Major health studies try very hard to select a sample that is representative of the various ethnic groups making up the U.S. population. Here is the breakdown, by ethnicity, of subjects enrolled in a major study of sleep apnea:
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$$\begin{array} { | l | r | } \hline \text { White } & 4821 \\\hline \text { Hispanic } & 277 \\\hline \text { African American } & 510 \\\hline \text { Asian/Pacific } & 88 \\\hline \text { Native American } & 598 \\\hline \text { Total } & 6294 \\\hline\end{array}$$ The known ethnic distribution in the United States, according to census data, is as follows:
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$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { White } & 0.756 \\\hline \text { Hispanic } & 0.091 \\\hline \text { Black } & 0.108 \\\hline \text { Asian/Pacific } & 0.038 \\\hline \text { Native American } & 0.007 \\\hline \text { Total } & 1 \\\hline\end{array}$$ We want to know if the data from the sleep apnea study support the claim that the ethnicity of the subjects fits the ethnic composition of the U.S. population. Software gives a chi-square statistic ?² = 7256.21 for these data. What is the P-value for this test?

A) Greater than 0.05
B) Less than 0.05 but greater than 0.01
C) Less than 0.01 but greater than 0.001
D) Less than 0.001