Major Health Studies Try Very Hard to Select a Sample

Multiple Choice

Major health studies try very hard to select a sample that is representative of the various ethnic groups making up the U.S. population. Here is the breakdown, by ethnicity, of subjects enrolled in a major study of sleep apnea:
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$$\begin{array} { | l | r | } \hline \text { White } & 4821 \\\hline \text { Hispanic } & 277 \\\hline \text { African American } & 510 \\\hline \text { Asian/Pacific } & 88 \\\hline \text { Native American } & 598 \\\hline \text { Total } & 6294 \\\hline\end{array}$$ The known ethnic distribution in the United States, according to census data, is as follows:
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$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { White } & 0.756 \\\hline \text { Hispanic } & 0.091 \\\hline \text { Black } & 0.108 \\\hline \text { Asian/Pacific } & 0.038 \\\hline \text { Native American } & 0.007 \\\hline \text { Total } & 1 \\\hline\end{array}$$ We want to know if the data from the sleep apnea study support the claim that the ethnicity of the subjects fits the ethnic composition of the U.S. population. At significance level alpha = 1%, what should you conclude?

A) There is significant evidence that the population studied does not match the ethnic composition of the U.S. population.
B) The data are consistent with a uniform distribution of ethnicities.
C) The data prove that the population studied matches the ethnic composition of the U.S. population.
D) We are unable to conclude anything because the test assumptions are not met.