Researchers Selected a Simple Random Sample of 4048 Medical Records

Multiple Choice

Researchers selected a simple random sample of 4048 medical records of adults diagnosed with gum disease. In all, 2226 were current smokers, 891 were former smokers, and 931 never smoked regularly. Their research question is, Do these data indicate that gum disease is equally likely regardless of smoking status? Using a significance level of 0.05, what is the appropriate conclusion for this test?

A) There is significant evidence that current, former, and never smokers are not equally represented among adults diagnosed with gum disease.
B) Current smokers make up a significantly greater proportion of adults diagnosed with gum disease than former or never smokers.
C) Current smokers are most likely to have gum disease.
D) The data are consistent with an equal representation of current, former, and never smokers among adults diagnosed with gum disease.