Question 1

Which of the following best describes social identity theory's claims on social identity formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social identity is formed based on ascribed characteristics only. 
B)  Social identity is formed based on the context in which it occurs. 
C)  Social identity is formed based on the social categories of group memberships. 
D)  Social identity is formed based on the extent to which we are successfully or unsuccessfully interpellated. C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true about religious identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Similar to ethnic groups, religious groups generally provide members with a repertoire of beliefs, values, and worldviews. 
B)  Religion provides a set of basic (ethical) principles for members to observe. 
C)  Religious identify refers to religious group membership regardless of participation in religious activities. 
D)  Religiosity refers to participation in religious events regardless of the religious group membership. D

Question 3

Define and explain the concept of interpellation.

Accepted Answer

Louis Althusser (1971) describes the process whereby a society creates individuals as particular kind of people as a form of 'interpellation'. For Althusser, cultures interpellate or hail particular types of subjects. When we come to recognize ourselves as the type of subject being called, the interpellation is successful. That is, we come to identify with the type of subject (or type of person), and in this respect our sense of identity comes not from within, but from the outside - our culture and society that are 'hailing' us.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the process of developing a third culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  moving between two cultures 
B)  compromising two cultures 
C)  shifting one culture and maintaining the other culture 
D)  merging two cultures to create a new culture

Question 5

According to Hardiman, there are several stages for dominant social identity development. Which of the following best describes the redefinition phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  acceptance of dominant norms and a lack of desire to look into one's identity. 
B)  internalization of an identity 
C)  connecting belonging to a dominant culture with an awareness of its associated privilege 
D)  re-interpretation of the dominant culture accompanied by attempts to openly challenge dominant cultural privilege

Question 6

Define the value and salience content of cultural identity.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

The term race and ethnicity are often used interchangeably, although differences exist between the two concepts. What differentiates ethnicity from race?

Accepted Answer

A)  Race involves biological characteristics while ethnicity does not. 
B)  Race is ascribed whilst ethnicity is avowed. 
C)  Race is attached to nation while ethnicity is attached to group. 
D)  Race does not refer to biological characteristics but ethnicity does.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is TRUE of nation branding, according to the case study in this chapter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nation branding makes no connection between nationalism and marketing. 
B)  Nation branding reinterprets national identity in commercial terms. 
C)  Nation branding campaigns target external audience only. 
D)  Nation branding has economic but not political interests.

Question 9

What are the basic assumptions of identity negotiation theory?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Which of the following statements is NOT the emphasis of identity negotiation theory, developed by Stella Ting-Toomey?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals develop their identities through interaction with others. 
B)  Individuals acquire norms, values, and beliefs through communication. 
C)  Identity negotiation occurs through some communication process but not others. 
D)  A person's self-image can only be evoked when communicating with ingroups.

Question 11

Identities can be ascribed or avowed. Which of the following is NOT an ascribed identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  woman 
B)  Australian 
C)  Anglo-Saxon 
D)  mother

Question 12

Why does national identity always imply difference? Explain this by providing an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does national identity always imply difference?...

Question 13

In every country, there are continuous reproduction, reinterpretation and transmission of a pattern of symbols, values, memories, myths and traditions. Which function of national identity do these myths of origin serve?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide a factual historical record of the nation's development. 
B)  They provide a point of unity with other nations. 
C)  They help to create a sense of national identity. 
D)  They highlight the divisions between subgroups within the nation.

Question 14

Define communication theory of identity and explain in what ways it is different from role identity theory and social identity theory.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Angela is an Australian whose parents were born in Greece and immigrated to Australia before she was born. Angela speaks Greek at home, attends a Greek Orthodox Church and participates in traditional Greek festivals and holidays. Which of the following statements is more likely to be true of Angela?

Accepted Answer

A)  Michelle exhibits a high degree of salience in her ethnic identity. 
B)  Michelle has low degree of value content in her ethnic identity. 
C)  Michelle would view other Australians as an outgroup. 
D)  Michelle would not view her national identity as Australian.

Question 16

The Fa'afafine of Samoa are males that perform female roles. What does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gender identity is not connected to sex roles. 
B)  The third gender roles are defined and accepted individually and socially. 
C)  The males that do women's work are looked down upon in Samoa. 
D)  Gender roles are biological.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cultural identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  We are less aware of our cultural identities when we find ourselves in another culture. 
B)  The level of our cultural identification influences our behaviours. 
C)  Cultural identity has a value and salience content. 
D)  Although cultural identity is often defined by the nation, it is still different from national identity.

Exam 6: Identities and Subgroups