Question 1

How many layers of cell nuclei does the retina contain?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 B

Question 2

Cortical cells demonstrate many different forms of stimulus selectivity, which one of these is not associated with striate cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  orientation tuning 
B)  direction selectivity 
C)  binocularity 
D)  optic flow D

Question 3

Where do approximately 90% of ganglion cell fibres project?

Accepted Answer

A)  Suprachiasmatic nuclei 
B)  Pretectum 
C)  Lateral geniculate nuclei 
D)  Superior colliculi C

Question 4

Which one of the following statements describes the Stiles-Crawford effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photons arriving near the edge of the pupil are less likely to be absorbed. 
B)  Photons are some frequencies are less likely to be absorbed by a photoreceptor than those at other frequencies 
C)  Only two-thirds of the photons absorbed by a photoreceptor actually result in a response 
D)  When a photon is absorbed, its effect on a photoreceptor is the same regardless of the photon's wavelength.

Question 5

Beyond striate cortex a number of visually responsive cortical areas have been identified on the basis of several criteria, which one of the following is not one of these criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  topographic organisation 
B)  relative size 
C)  anatomical connections 
D)  cell response properties

Question 6

Lesions affecting which visual cortical area usually result in a complete loss of visual function in the affected area?

Accepted Answer

A)  MT 
B)  V1 
C)  V2 
D)  V3

Question 7

Which one of the following statements about bipolar cells is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bipolar cells transmit action potentials. 
B)  ON bipolars are activated by an increase in the photon catch of receptors. 
C)  OFF bipolars are activated by a decrease in the photon catch of receptors. 
D)  Some bipolars connect only to cones, others connect only to rods.

Question 8

Which one of the following is not associated with the functional architecture of striate cortex (V1)?

Accepted Answer

A)  ocular dominance columns 
B)  orientation columns 
C)  blobs 
D)  Cytochrome oxidase stripes

Question 9

Which of the following terms is the correct name for a class of retinal cell whose axons spread laterally across the retina, making contact with several photoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Amacrine cells 
B)  Cone bipolar cells 
C)  Rod bipolar cells 
D)  Horizontal cells

Question 10

Which area of visual cortex contains the highest proportions of motion and disparity selective cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  MT 
B)  V1 
C)  V2 
D)  V3

Question 11

Which one of the following are not ganglion cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amacrine 
B)  Biplexiform 
C)  Bistratified 
D)  Midget 
E)  Parasol

Question 12

Which ganglion cell class is the most numerous and responds only at high light levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  parasol ganglion cell 
B)  bistratified ganglion cell 
C)  midget ganglion cell 
D)  biplexiform ganglion cell

Question 13

Which one of the following is the correct term to describe the process in which a cell is excited when light falls in one part of its receptive field, and inhibited when light falls in another part?

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial opponency 
B)  binocularity 
C)  sustained temporal response 
D)  transient temporal response

Question 14

Which one of the following is not a cell layer in the LGN?

Accepted Answer

A)  Magno. 
B)  Bipolar. 
C)  Parvo. 
D)  Konio.

Question 15

Which one of the following statements about temporal responses is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It refers to a cell's receptive field location. 
B)  A cell with a sustained (tonic) temporal response has a relatively high level of activity during the presence of a stimulus. 
C)  A cell with a transient (phasic) temporal response shows a brief change in activity at stimulus onset and offset, but relatively little activity during constant stimulation. 
D)  Midget and parasol ganglion cells have different temporal responses.

Question 16

In which visual cortical area are cells grouped according to speed and disparity preference?

Accepted Answer

A)  MT 
B)  V1 
C)  V2 
D)  V3

Question 17

Which statement is correct? Simple cells:

Accepted Answer

A)  Have a receptive field that can be mapped into excitatory and inhibitory zones. 
B)  Are not orientation selective. 
C)  Respond well regardless of exact stimulus position in the receptive field. 
D)  Are the most common type of cortical cell.

Question 18

Which one of the following is not an important feature of the LGN's layered structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  eye of origin 
B)  ganglion cell type 
C)  topography 
D)  Photoreceptor type

Question 19

Which of the following statements about chromatic opponency is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  spectral opponency is restricted to peripheral vision 
B)  Bistratified ganglion cells show blue-yellow opponency 
C)  Parasol ganglion cells do not show spectral opponency 
D)  Midget ganglion cells show red-green opponency

Question 20

Which description of partial decussation is incorrect

Accepted Answer

A)  Means that each LGN receives input from only one eye. 
B)  Is a property of the optic nerve. 
C)  Occurs at the optic chiasma. 
D)  Means that each cortical hemisphere receives input from the contralateral half of the visual field.

Exam 7: Visual Physiology

How many layers of cell nuclei does the retina contain?

Cortical cells demonstrate many different forms of stimulus selectivity, which one of these is not associated with striate cortex?

Where do approximately 90% of ganglion cell fibres project?

Which one of the following statements describes the Stiles-Crawford effect?

Beyond striate cortex a number of visually responsive cortical areas have been identified on the basis of several criteria, which one of the following is not one of these criteria?

Lesions affecting which visual cortical area usually result in a complete loss of visual function in the affected area?

Which one of the following statements about bipolar cells is not correct?

Which one of the following is not associated with the functional architecture of striate cortex (V1) ?

Which of the following terms is the correct name for a class of retinal cell whose axons spread laterally across the retina, making contact with several photoreceptors.

Which area of visual cortex contains the highest proportions of motion and disparity selective cells?

Which one of the following are not ganglion cells?

Which ganglion cell class is the most numerous and responds only at high light levels?

Which one of the following is the correct term to describe the process in which a cell is excited when light falls in one part of its receptive field, and inhibited when light falls in another part?

Which one of the following is not a cell layer in the LGN?

Which one of the following statements about temporal responses is not correct?

In which visual cortical area are cells grouped according to speed and disparity preference?

Which statement is correct? Simple cells:

Which one of the following is not an important feature of the LGN's layered structure?

Which of the following statements about chromatic opponency is incorrect?

Which description of partial decussation is incorrect