Question 1

What are the core functions of GIS for implementing cellular automata (CA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  local functions and conditional operators in map algebra 
B)  focal functions and conditional operators in map algebra 
C)  zonal functions and conditional operators in map algebra 
D)  global functions and conditional operators in map algebra B

Question 2

One of the roles of GIS in MCA is to

Accepted Answer

A)  assign weights 
B)  select criteria 
C)  select alternatives 
D)  combine criterion maps D

Question 3

In MCA, scores (or ratings) represent

Accepted Answer

A)  social preferences of alternatives 
B)  social preferences of criteria 
C)  performance of alternatives in relation to criteria 
D)  performance of criteria determined based on facts and scientific evidence C

Question 4

Weights-of-evidence is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical weights of evidence 
B)  analyst-assigned weights of evidence 
C)  persuasiveness of evidence 
D)  believability of evidence

Question 5

Standardisation in MCA is necessary because

Accepted Answer

A)  MCA integrates different views for multiple stakeholders 
B)  different criteria may have different importance 
C)  different criteria may use different measurement scales or units 
D)  different alternatives are at different locations, which may have different environmental conditions

Question 6

Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) with GIS involves

Accepted Answer

A)  selecting a set of criteria 
B)  scoring alternatives against the criteria and generating criterion score maps 
C)  standardising the criterion score maps 
D)  assigning weights to the criteria 
E)  all the above

Question 7

For selection of a site for nuclear waste disposal using MCA, we use the proximity to highly populated areas as one of the criteria. The proximity is measured in terms of distance. Suppose xmin is the shortest distance from the proposed disposal sites to the highly populated areas in the study area, xmax is the longest distance from the proposed disposal sites to the highly populated areas, and xi is the shortest distance from the proposed disposal site i to the highly populated areas. Using the score range procedure, which of the following equations should you use to standardise the criterion scores?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\text { Score }_{i}=\frac{x_{i}-x_{\min }}{x_{\max }-x_{\min }}$ 
B)  $\text { Score }_{i}=\frac{x_{\max }-x_{i}}{x_{\max }-x_{\min }}$ 
C)  $\operatorname{Score}_{i}=\frac{x_{i}}{x_{\max }}$ 
D)  $\operatorname{SCOre}_{i}=\frac{x_{\mathrm{min}}}{x_{i}}$

Question 8

An artificial neural network (ANN) is

Accepted Answer

A)  a linear model that is fit to data 
B)  a nonlinear model that is fit to data 
C)  a linear model that learns to perform a function from data 
D)  a nonlinear model that learns to perform a function from data

Question 9

A CA is defined in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  an n-dimensional grid of cells and states of each cell 
B)  neighbourhood 
C)  transition rules 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

In MCA, weights represent

Accepted Answer

A)  value judgements of the relative importance of the criteria 
B)  value judgements of the relative performance of the alternatives 
C)  scientific measurements of the relative importance of the criteria 
D)  scientific measurements of the relative performance of the alternatives

Question 11

In agent-based modelling, agents typically perform actions simultaneously at constant time steps.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 9: Spatial Modeling and Decision Analysis

What are the core functions of GIS for implementing cellular automata (CA) ?