Kelling and Stewart (1989) Maintain All of the Following Shape

Multiple Choice

Kelling and Stewart (1989) maintain all of the following shape a community's defense against crime and disorder EXCEPT:

A) Community self-defense is primarily a matter of public professional policing.
B) Police tactics must be tailored to specific neighborhoods.
C) Tailoring tactics to neighborhoods will require decentralization of police authority.
D) tactical decision making at lower levels of the police organization.