Question 1

The rule that the defendant must take the victim as he finds him is often know as the 'thin ____' rule.

Accepted Answer

skull
Explanation: The 'thin skull' rule requires that defendants take their victims as they find them.

Question 2

A legal cause must be an operating and ___ cause.

Accepted Answer

substantial
Explanation: In Cheshire the Court of Appeal explained that a legal cause had to be an operating and substantial cause.

Question 3

A defendant can never be guilty of a crime for failing to act.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

In Roberts what kinds of acts of the victim did the court state would break the chain of causation?

Accepted Answer

A)  voluntary acts which could not reasonably be foreseen 
B)  acts of the victim which were predictable 
C)  acts of the victim which were unreasonable 
D)  acts of the victim which meant the defendant was blameworthy

Question 5

A natural event (an 'act of God') will never break the chain of causation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the mens rea of an offence?

Accepted Answer

A)  the part of the offence that relates to men 
B)  the conduct element of the offence, describing the harm to the victim 
C)  the maximum sentence for an offence 
D)  the mental element of the offence

Question 7

A novus actus interveniens must be an act of a party which is ___, voluntary and informed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A novus actus interveniens must be an...

Question 8

Which of the following does not create a duty to act in criminal law?

Accepted Answer

A)  a duty to act under a contract 
B)  a duty to act created by statute 
C)  The defendant created the danger. 
D)  The defendant was under a moral duty to act.

Question 9

If the defendant is a 'but for' cause of a result he is said to cause it in criminal law.

Accepted Answer