Plausible Alternative Explanations for the Effect of an Independent Variable

Multiple Choice

Plausible alternative explanations for the effect of an independent variable can be ruled out

A) through logic, by showing that it is unlikely that the alternative explanatory variable could have had an effect.
B) by instituting control measures as part of the research design that limit the effects of any alternative explanatory variables.
C) by conducting research that shows that the alternative explanatory variables do not, in fact, affect the dependent variable.
D) by any of the above means.