You Conduct a Study to Test the Substantive Validity of a New

Multiple Choice

You conduct a study to test the substantive validity of a new measure. Unfortunately, the hypotheses you proposed were not supported. This outcome could have arisen because

A) the new measure is low on substantive validity.
B) the methodology used in the study was flawed.
C) the theory on which the study's hypotheses was based was wrong.
D) of any of the above reasons.