Name and Define the Three Approaches to Testing Mediational Hypotheses

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The Answer is The three approaches to testing mediational hypotheses are the Baron and Kenny approach, the Sobel test, and the bootstrapping method.

1. Baron and Kenny approach: This approach involves a series of regression analyses to test the mediational hypothesis. First, the independent variable is regressed on the mediator variable to establish a relationship. Then, the independent variable is regressed on the dependent variable to show a significant relationship. Finally, when both the independent variable and the mediator are included in the regression model, the mediator should significantly predict the dependent variable while the direct effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable should be reduced or become non-significant.

2. Sobel test: The Sobel test is a statistical test that assesses the significance of the indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediator. It calculates a z-score to determine if the indirect effect is significantly different from zero. This approach is based on the assumption of normality and can be limited by its reliance on large sample sizes.

3. Bootstrapping method: Bootstrapping is a resampling technique that does not rely on the assumption of normality and can be used to test the significance of the indirect effect in a mediational model. This method involves repeatedly sampling from the data with replacement to create multiple samples, and then estimating the indirect effect in each sample. The distribution of these estimates is used to calculate confidence intervals and test the significance of the indirect effect.

Each of these approaches has its own strengths and limitations, and researchers should consider the specific requirements of their data and research question when choosing a method for testing mediational hypotheses.

Name and Define the Three Approaches to Testing Mediational Hypotheses

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Name and Define the Three Approaches to Testing Mediational Hypotheses

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