A Differentiate Among the Following: Positive Incentives, Negative Incentives, Reinforcers

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The Answer is a. Positive incentives are like rewards that a person strives to attain.
Negative incentives are like threats or penalties that a person strives to avoid.
Reinforcers are contingent consequences of behaviors that increase that behavior (attained positive incentives).
Punishers are contingent consequences of behaviors that decrease that behavior (un-avoided negative incentives).
b. Positive incentives are valued enticements, inducements, or reasons that act like promises. They motivate approach behavior, which means an individual behaves in a manner that will lead to the attainment of the incentives. Incentives are anticipated. An example is an anticipated A on an exam for diligent studying or an anticipated bonus for meeting the company's sales goal.
Negative incentives are negatively valued deterrents or penalties that act like threats. They motivate avoidance behavior, which means an individual behaves in a manner that results in circumventing, dodging, or evading the incentive. Negative incentives are anticipated if individuals perform the wrong behavior. An example is an anticipated library fine, if books are returned late or an anticipated speeding ticket for exceeding the speed limit.
A reinforcer is the attainment of the positive incentive. The reinforcer increases the frequency of behavior that resulted in the positive incentive. Reinforcers act on past behavior while incentives act on future behaviors. In other words, a reinforcer increases or maintains behavior. But an anticipated reinforcer is an incentive. For example, an A-grade reinforces studying but the grade also serves as an incentive for a student to study. Punishers occur when an individual failed to avoid the negative incentive. Punisher are defined as decreasing the frequency of the behavior that resulted in the negative incentive. For example, an individual should eventually quit speeding after receiving a number of speeding tickets.

A Differentiate Among the Following: Positive Incentives, Negative Incentives, Reinforcers

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A Differentiate Among the Following: Positive Incentives, Negative Incentives, Reinforcers

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