Clarence Has Some Questions on His Questionnaire That Are Negatively

Multiple Choice

Clarence has some questions on his questionnaire that are negatively worded. Thus, on these questions that have 5-point scales, he changes a 5 to a 1, 4 to a 2, 2 to a 4, and 1 to a 5, leaving the 3 responses alone. Clarence is _____.

A) reverse coding responses
B) filling in missing data
C) developing the frequency distribution
D) back coding responses
E) dummy-coding responses