Two Hours Before Major Surgery Is to Begin, the Patient

Multiple Choice

Two hours before major surgery is to begin, the patient experiences "jitters," an elevated heart rate and blood pressure.These symptoms are the result of

A) sympathetic activation.
B) decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood.
C) decreased activity of sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus.
D) increased parasympathetic activity.
E) All of these mechanisms.