Spence and Colleagues' (2005) Meta-Analysis Examining the Effect of Exercise

Multiple Choice

Spence and colleagues' (2005) meta-analysis examining the effect of exercise interventions on global self-perceptions (self-esteem and self-concept) found which of the following?

A) Self-perceptions improved to the same extent regardless of how often, how hard, or how long participants exercised.
B) A medium-sized, but significant effect of exercise for improving self-perceptions was shown.
C) Resistance training is the ideal mode of exercise for increasing self-perceptions.
D) Improvements in physical fitness are not required in order to improve self-perceptions.