Use the Abstract Below to Answer the Three Questions Following

Essay

Use the abstract below to answer the three questions following it:
Through an analysis of student journal entries, this study discussed how students enrolled in a course on the abolition of the prison system engaged with the possibility of, and barriers to, a world without prisons, punishment and other forms of control. We consider how students negotiate the concept of abolition as a radical justice alternative. As the journal entries showed, while students were able to understand the basic principles of prison abolition, many remained confused about how to choose between the existing system and the unknown landscape of abolition and could not see its viability or possibility as a radical alternative.
Adapted from: Chartrand, V., & Piché, J. (2019). Abolition and pedagogy: Reflections on teaching a course on alternatives to punishment, state repression and social control. Contemporary Justice Review, 22, 23-42. https://doi-org.mantis.csuchico.edu/10.1080/10282580.2019.1576129
Which research method did these authors use? Are their data qualitative or quantitative? Is their research basic or applied?