Which of the Factors Listed Below Might Cause the Ricardian

Multiple Choice

Which of the factors listed below might cause the Ricardian equivalence proposition to be violated?

A) There may be international capital inflow and outflows.
B) Consumers may not understand that increased government borrowing today is likely to lead to higher future taxes.
C) There may be constraints on the level of government spending.
D) There may be constraints on the level of government taxation.