Matthew Sees a Nail Sticking Out from a Board Which

Multiple Choice

Matthew sees a nail sticking out from a board which he wishes to push inside. Though there is a brick lying nearby, it does not occur to him that it can serve well to fix the nail. Consequently, he wastes time searching for a hammer. Which of the following does Matthew exhibit?

A) Response bias
B) Cognitive dissonance
C) Observer effect
D) Functional fixedness