Question 1

What pain scale would be the most appropriate to use in a high school athletic training room?

Accepted Answer

A)  McGill Pain Questionnaire 
B)  Activity Pain Indicators Profile 
C)  Numeric Rating Scale 
D)  Pain Charts 
E)  Visual Analogue Scale C

Question 2

Please check all factors that impede healing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Air temperature 
B)  Keloids 
C)  Nutrition 
D)  Sport that the individual participates in 
E)  Edema
F) Stitches
G) Hypertrophy
H) Muscle spasm
I) Infection
J) Dehydration B, C, E, H, I

Question 3

You are working with an individual who has had an anterior cruciate ligament surgical reconstruction. Which of the following statements is true regarding ligament healing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immobilized ligaments are weaker than those that are exercised 
B)  Tensile strength of ligaments is increased in individuals that are immobilized 
C)  The insertion of the ligament to the bone is stronger in individuals that are immobilized 
D)  Surgically repaired ligaments are weaker than unrepaired ligaments 
E)  With an intraarticular ligament tear the synovial fluid assists in forming a fibrin clot A

Question 4

When applying the central biasing model of pain control, what statement can be correctly referenced?

Accepted Answer

A)  A? and C fibers are trying to override the second-order level neurons to block pain. 
B)  A? and A? fibers become efferent fibers and to assist with inhibiting the pain information to reach the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. 
C)  Noxious stimulation of nociceptors stimulate the release of opiate-like chemicals to block the pain. 
D)  Previous experiences influence the perception of pain along efferent descending pathways causing neurotransmitters to be released to block pain. 
E)  Second-order afferent fibers block off the pathways of the A? and A? fibers before reaching the second-order afferent neurons.

Question 5

What is an inappropriate method to modify soft-tissue healing?

Accepted Answer

A)  NSAIDs 
B)  Therapeutic massage 
C)  Cold and heat application 
D)  Regular participation with physical activities 
E)  Therapeutic rehabilitation exercises

Question 6

When applying the ?-endorphin model of pain control, at what level of the central nervous system are ?-endorphins released?

Accepted Answer

A)  First-order neurons 
B)  Second-order neurons 
C)  Dorsal horn of spinal cord 
D)  Substantia gelatinosa 
E)  Hypothalamus

Question 7

Which of the following types of pain is incorrectly labeled as a type of referred pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic pain 
B)  Trigger point pain 
C)  Myofascial pain 
D)  Sclerotomic pain 
E)  Dermatomic pain

Question 8

Which of the statements regarding soft tissue is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epithelial tissue consists of muscle and fat 
B)  Connective tissue consists of skin 
C)  Muscle consists of smooth, cardiac, or skeletal 
D)  Nervous tissue consists only in the brain 
E)  Certain bones can be classified as soft tissue

Question 9

From the following, which is an incorrect statement about nociceptors and neural transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  First-order neurons are A?, A?, A?, and C fibers. 
B)  A? and A? are large-diameter afferents. 
C)  A? and C fibers are small-diameter afferents. 
D)  A? and C fibers transmit pain and temperature. 
E)  Second-order efferent fibers carry sensory messages from the dorsal horn to the brain.

Question 10

Select the correct roles nutrients have in the human body.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutrients store water for the body. 
B)  Nutrients assist in the regulation of body processes. 
C)  Nutrients are important in the role of tissue repair. 
D)  Nutrients trigger cell growth. 
E)  Nutrients are an efficient source of energy for the body.

Question 11

When applying the gate control theory of pain control, which afferent fibers are trying to override, or inhibit, the "pain information"?

Accepted Answer

A)  A? fibers 
B)  A? fibers 
C)  A? fibers 
D)  C fibers 
E)  Serotonin

Question 12

The terms rubor, dolar, and calor are often associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maturation-Remodeling phase of healing 
B)  Inflammatory Response phase of healing 
C)  Fibroblastic Repair phase of healing 
D)  Formation of a clot 
E)  Cartilage healing

Question 13

Based on the figure, what is occurring during this process of the inflammatory response phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epithelium is regenerating. 
B)  Granulation of tissue is forming. 
C)  Blood is leaking into deeper tissues. 
D)  Leukocytes are cleaning the wound. 
E)  Clot formation is finalizing.

Question 14

Which of the following time periods accurately portrays the typical duration of the fibroblastic repair phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  From time of injury to 4 days 
B)  From 4 days to 3 weeks 
C)  From 4 days to 6 weeks 
D)  From 4 weeks to 2 years 
E)  From 6 weeks to 2 years

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding collagen in the body is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type III collagen is found in the humerus 
B)  Type II collagen is found at the end of the femur 
C)  Type I collagen is found in the intervertebral discs 
D)  Type II collagen is found in the sciatic nerve 
E)  Type III collagen is found in the Achilles tendon

Question 16

What are the following: norepinephrine, substance P, serotonin, enkephalin, ?-endorphin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons 
B)  Nociceptors 
C)  Neurotransmitters 
D)  Inhibitors 
E)  Receptors

Question 17

Which of the following is classified as a chemical mediator that is released from the mast cell and causese vasodilation and increased cell permeability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytokines 
B)  Leukotrienes 
C)  Prothrombin 
D)  Histamine 
E)  Fibrinogen

Question 18

How could soft tissue interfere with the healing process of an acute fracture?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can increase the risk of infection. 
B)  It can position itself between the severed ends of the bone and prevent proper union. 
C)  It can hasten an adequate blood supply to the fracture area. 
D)  It can permit motion between the bone parts. 
E)  It can cause bone degeneration.

Question 19

Select ONLY the correct elements that make up the extracellular matrix.

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycosaminoglycans 
B)  Capillaries 
C)  Ground substance 
D)  Lymphocytes 
E)  Macrophages
F) Collagen

Exam 10: Tissue Response to Injury