As You Are Walking in the Park, a Huge Black

Multiple Choice

As you are walking in the park, a huge black Labrador (dog) runs up to you and places his paws on your shoulders. Immediately your heart starts racing, you feel palpations and anxiety, and your hands become a little shaky. The nurse knows that this response is primarily caused by

A) fear of dogs that make you feel like your chest is being tightened and that you have lost control of the situation.
B) increased levels of glucocorticoids by the adrenal glands that result in an increase in epinephrine level.
C) response of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors on innervational targets of postganglionic fibers.
D) ^{stimulation of the release of ?}2^{-adrenergic receptors, which will open the airway} and increase oxygenation.