A Premature Infant on Mechanical Ventilation Has Developed Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Multiple Choice

A premature infant on mechanical ventilation has developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and is showing signs and symptoms of hypoxemia, low lung compliance, and respiratory distress. Which of the following is the most likely contributor to the infant's present health problem?

A) High-inspired oxygen concentration and injury from positive-pressure ventilation
B) Failure to administer corticosteroids to the infant in utero
C) Insufficient surfactant production and insufficient surfactant therapy
D) Insufficient supplemental oxygen therapy