Question 1

Compare and contrast the factors that attracted the Spanish, the French, and the English to the New World.

Accepted Answer

The Spanish, French, and English were all attracted to the New World for various reasons, and each had different factors that motivated their exploration and colonization efforts.

The Spanish were primarily attracted to the New World by the prospect of finding wealth and spreading Christianity. They were driven by the desire to find gold, silver, and other valuable resources, as well as to convert the indigenous populations to Catholicism. The Spanish also sought to expand their empire and increase their power and influence in the world.

The French, on the other hand, were motivated by the desire to establish a profitable fur trade and to find a northwest passage to Asia. They were also interested in establishing colonies for the purpose of spreading Catholicism and increasing their territorial holdings.

The English were attracted to the New World for a variety of reasons, including the desire for religious freedom, economic opportunities, and the chance to establish colonies that would benefit the mother country. The English also sought to expand their influence and power, and were driven by a sense of adventure and the opportunity to start anew in a new land.

In comparing the factors that attracted the Spanish, French, and English to the New World, it is clear that each had different motivations and goals. While the Spanish were primarily focused on finding wealth and spreading Christianity, the French were interested in establishing a profitable fur trade and finding a northwest passage, and the English were driven by a desire for religious freedom, economic opportunities, and territorial expansion. Despite these differences, all three European powers were ultimately seeking to increase their wealth, power, and influence through their exploration and colonization efforts in the New World.

Question 2

From its beginnings, Spain regarded her New World domain as primarily a(n)___________

Accepted Answer

A)  source of precious metal 
B)  place to send exiled Moors and Jews 
C)  opportunity to further promote the Catholic faith 
D)  supplier of cheap Native American labor to be used on Spanish estates 
E)  place to establish penal colonies A

Question 3

In the Columbian Exchange, the Old World and the New exchanged___________

Accepted Answer

A)  animal, plant, and microbial life forms 
B)  technologies 
C)  religious beliefs 
D)  political systems 
E)  scientific theories A

Question 4

Which best describes how Native American groups initially interacted with European explorers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Native American groups were eager to trade with the Europeans. 
B)  Native American groups ignored the Europeans. 
C)  Native American groups aggressively attacked the Europeans. 
D)  Native American groups were helpless when attacked by the Europeans. 
E)  Native American groups were reluctant to trade with the Europeans.

Question 5

Spain became the number-one power in Europe during the sixteenth century because________	.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Pope favored Spain's efforts 
B)  of the vast amounts of gold and silver it imported from the New World 
C)  Spain had extensive natural resources and many deep-water ports 
D)  the people had lived in peace and tranquility for centuries 
E)  the Spanish were the best shipbuilders of the day

Question 6

Which statement best describes how the early English and French colonists viewed Native Americans?

Accepted Answer

A)  The English colonists viewed Native Americans as valuable trading partners; the French viewed them as obstacles to dominating the fur trade. 
B)  The English colonists viewed Native Americans as teachers of farming techniques; the French viewed them as good trading partners. 
C)  The English colonists viewed Native Americans as obstacles to settling the land; the French viewed them as valuable economic partners. 
D)  Both English and French colonists viewed Native Americans as obstacles to settling the land in North America. 
E)  The English colonists viewed Native Americans as potential converts to Christianity; the French viewed them as good trading partners.

Question 7

Which of the following is most closely related to French fur trading in the New World?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recollects 
B)  Samuel de Champlain 
C)  encomiendas 
D)  coureurs de bois 
E)  "Sea Dogs"

Question 8

Why were Scandinavian outposts in the New World eventually abandoned?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of leadership 
B)  lack of available resources for survival 
C)  attacks by the Spanish Armada 
D)  competition with Portuguese fishing groups 
E)  poor lines of communication

Question 9

The Portuguese explored West Africa___________

Accepted Answer

A)  to convert natives to Christianity 
B)  as tests of their new navigational technology 
C)  to establish colonies in Africa before Spain and England 
D)  searching for slaves and gold 
E)  and established military forts along the coastland

Question 10

Which identifies the most important result of the domestication of maize (corn), beans, and squash by some Native American groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  People gained greater control over their environments. 
B)  People stopped hunting mammals. 
C)  People evolved into a single continental cultural unit. 
D)  People were able to continue a wandering, hunting lifestyle. 
E)  People moved closer to the coasts where the land was more fertile.

Question 11

Why was the Roanoke settlement doomed from its inception?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chosen settlers were ill-prepared for the conditions. 
B)  The Spanish Armada patrolled the Atlantic seaboard. 
C)  Queen Elizabeth was against the venture. 
D)  There were too many religious conflicts. 
E)  England was distracted because of its preparations for war.

Question 12

At the time Europeans arrived, the societies of central Mexico________	.

Accepted Answer

A)  included large cities ruled by effective bureaucracies 
B)  used iron and bronze tools and weapons 
C)  did not practice intensive agriculture 
D)  were composed of small, isolated tribes 
E)  were hunter-gatherers

Question 13

During the era of the European slave trade, West Africans________	.

Accepted Answer

A)  were quite isolated from the rest of the world 
B)  had a simple, self-sufficient economy 
C)  had a single monolithic culture that covered most of the African continent 
D)  were increasingly being converted by Muslim missionaries 
E)  were united by a single language

Question 14

Which characteristic did most eastern North American Indian cultures share?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eastern Native Americans were united and spoke a common language. 
B)  Eastern Native American tribes were ruled by a central leader from the most powerful tribe. 
C)  Eastern Native Americans waged wars with large numbers of causalities to settle territorial disputes. 
D)  Eastern Native American bands were patrilineal. 
E)  Eastern Native American tribes were willing to align themselves with Europeans against other tribes.

Question 15

Which identifies a key reason for why Cortés was able to conquer Montezuma, the Aztec emperor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Montezuma's unarmored horsemen were unable to fight the armored horses that Cortés brought with him. 
B)  Cortés convinced the Aztecs to fight against their own corrupt leader, Montezuma. 
C)  Cortés and his men overwhelmingly outnumbered the Aztecs. 
D)  Cortés was able to recruit thousands of nearby Native Americans who helped him defeat Montezuma. 
E)  Montezuma believed that the Spaniards were gods and did not resist them at first.

Question 16

How did international diplomacy hinder England's early entry into New World colonization?

Accepted Answer

A)  The English were reluctant to enter the New World because colonization threatened their alliance with Spain. 
B)  The English were reluctant to enter the New World because colonization threatened their alliance with France. 
C)  The English were reluctant to enter the New World because colonization would force Spain to ally itself with Portugal and France. 
D)  The English were reluctant to enter the New World because they did not want to cause problems with the Pope. 
E)  The English were reluctant to enter the New World because colonization threatened their trading agreements with the Dutch.

Exam 1: New World Encounters, Preconquest - 1608

Compare and contrast the factors that attracted the Spanish, the French, and the English to the New World.

From its beginnings, Spain regarded her New World domain as primarily a(n) ___________