The Health Belief Model (HBM) Recognizes That Social and Demographic

Multiple Choice

The Health Belief Model (HBM) recognizes that social and demographic factors influence the relationship between health beliefs and health behaviors. Which of the following is a limitation of the HBM related to socio-demographic variables?

A) The model does not specify how socio-demographic factors interact with the other constructs in the model
B) Only select demographic variables are considered (age, sex) , while others are omitted (race/ethnicity, socio-economic status)
C) HBM requires researchers to obtain complete socio-demographic information for the target population before intervention implementation
D) The model is most effective with low socio-economic status (SES) populations and less effective with high SES populations
E) Self-efficacy, cues to action, and socio-demographic factors are immeasurable constructs