Professor Smigel Calculated a Chi Square of 83

Multiple Choice

Professor Smigel calculated a chi square of 83.26 on a set of data.The value for chi square in the table at the .05 level (< .05) was 16.91.Smigel concluded that

A) it is improbable that the observed relationship could have resulted from sampling error alone.
B) the null hypothesis was rejected.
C) there is a statistically significant relationship at the .05 level.
D) the null hypothesis was rejected, and there is a statistically significant relationship at the .05 level.
E) the null hypothesis was rejected, there is a statistically significant relationship at the .05 level, and it is improbable that the observed relationship could have resulted from sampling error alone.