Do Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Have Smaller

Multiple Choice

Do children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have smaller brains than children without this condition? Brain scans were completed for 152 children with ADHD and 139 children of similar age without ADHD. The mean brain size for the 152 children with ADHD was 1059.4 mL with a standard deviation of 117.5 mL. The mean brain size for the 139 children of with-out ADHD was 1104.5 mL with a standard deviation of 111.3 mL.
-The p-value from a simulation-based hypothesis test for these data is 0.0003. What conclusion can be made based upon this p-value?

A) We have strong evidence that ADHD leads to smaller brain sizes among children similar to those in the study.
B) We have strong evidence that ADHD leads to smaller brain sizes among all children.
C) We have strong evidence that ADHD is associated with smaller brain sizes among children similar to those in the study.
D) We have strong evidence that ADHD is associated with smaller brain sizes among all children.