Flavell and His Colleagues Asked 5-, 7-, and 10-Year-Olds to Participate

Multiple Choice

Flavell and his colleagues asked 5-, 7-, and 10-year-olds to participate in a memory task. Each participant was shown an array of 7 pictures, and a subset of the 7 was pointed to on a given trial. The participants were told to remember the subset of pictures in order. These researchers found that:

A) there was a utilization deficiency; children who rehearsed did not remember more.
B) there was a production deficiency; children who knew how to rehearse didn't use rehearsal.
C) surprisingly, there was no age difference in performance.
D) surprisingly, even the 5-year-olds used elaboration.