MacFarlane (1975) Tested How Well Newborns Could Smell by Placing

Multiple Choice

MacFarlane (1975) tested how well newborns could smell by placing a breast pad from each baby's mother next to its cheek and the breast pad of another baby's mother next to the baby's other cheek. MacFarlane then measured which direction the babies turned most frequently. What was the independent variable in this study?

A) whether the breast pad belonged to the baby's mother or another baby's mother
B) the direction the baby turned
C) the infants' ages
D) whether the infants could smell