Ruby's Father Has Never Been Around

Multiple Choice

Ruby's father has never been around. He left her mother shortly after Ruby's birth, and only calls to check in on Ruby once or twice a year. He has never sent a birthday card or come to see Ruby in a school show. When Ruby is asked about her father, she simply tells people she doesn't have one. This is because Ruby probably believes that although sharing a __________ makes two people biological relatives, it does not necessarily make them family.

A) legal obligation
B) genetic tie
C) family
D) last name