Regarding Whether the Neutralization of the Crime for the Offender

Multiple Choice

Regarding whether the neutralization of the crime for the offender occurs prior to or after the act of shoplifting, Cromwell and Thurman suggest

A) after the act only, as suggested by Coleman.
B) both: a post-crime rationalization may serve as a pre-crime rationalization the next time.
C) both: shoplifting easily becomes self-reinforcing behavior.
D) prior to act only, as held by Sykes and Matza.