The Moon (Mass $7.35 \times 1022 \mathrm{~kg}$ ) Orbits the Earth (Mass

Multiple Choice

The Moon (mass $7.35 \times 1022 \mathrm{~kg}$ ) orbits the Earth (mass $5.98 \times 10^{24} \mathrm{~kg}$ ) at a distance of $3.85 \times 10^{8}$ meters. Meanwhile, the Earth orbits the Sun (mass $1.99 \times 1030 \mathrm{~kg}$ ) at a distance of $1.50 \times 1011$ meters. When the Moon is directly between the Earth and the Sun, what is the gravitational force on the Moon due to the Earth and the Sun combined? ( $\mathrm{G}=6.67 \times 10-11 \mathrm{~N} \mathrm{~m}^{2} / \mathrm{kg}^{2}$ )

A) $4.36 \times 1020 \mathrm{~N}$ toward the Earth
B) $2.36 \times 10^{20} \mathrm{~N}$ toward the Sun
C) $2.38 \times 10^{20} \mathrm{~N}$ toward the Earth
D) $4.36 \times 1020 \mathrm{~N}$ toward the Sun
E) $1.98 \times 10^{20} \mathrm{~N}$ toward the Earth