Which of the Following Is FALSE

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) Estimates of reliability take into account the systematic and variable errors associated with the use of any measuring instrument.
B) A reliable measure may or may not be valid.
C) If a measure (X_o) is not reliable, it cannot be valid because it must then contain an error item.
D) The stability assessment of the reliability of a measure concerns the extent to which the different instruments applied to the same individuals at the same time yield consistent results.
E) a and d.